Traditional and quantum computers: the future of the differences

Contents

1. Introduction
2. Basic Working Principles Of Traditional Computers
   • Bits and binary system
   • Processor and memory structure
3. Basic Working Principles Of Quantum Computers
   • Cubits, and the quantum states
   • Superposition and Entanglement
4. Comparison of traditional and quantum computers
   • The Main Differences
   • Comparison Table Of Power
5. Advantages and disadvantages
   • Advantages and disadvantages of traditional computers
   • Advantages and disadvantages of quantum computers
6. Future possibilities and applications
7. Results
8. Frequently Asked Questions

---

1. Introduction

With the rapid progress of technology, there are revolutionary developments in the world of computers. Traditional computershave become indispensable tools that we use in all areas of our lives. However, quantum computers , known as a new technology, is the harbinger of a great change in the world of computing.

In this article, quantum computers, and the main differences between traditional computers, working principles, we will examine in detail the advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the potential future applications of these two technologies could work together and how we’ll discuss.

2. Basic Working Principles Of Traditional Computers

Bits and binary system

Conventional computers to store and process the data bits are called the basic units of uses. A bit can take one of two possible values: 0 or 1. This binary system forms the basis of all operations of the computer.

• 0 or 1 values are represented as electrical signals; 0 low-voltage, 1 refers to the highest voltage.
• Binary Encoding: text, images, audio is encoded and processed in different data types such as binary.

Processor and memory structure

Traditional computers, basically consists of two main components:

• Processor (CPU): performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• Memory (ram): where the data is stored temporarily and fast access is provided.

Processor receives the incoming data from memory, processes it and forwards the results back in memory or persistent storage and sends it to the units.

Working Principle:

1. Entry is taken from: data is retrieved from the user or other systems.
2. The transaction is done: the processor, processes the data according to the instructions.
3. The output is produced: the results will be forwarded to users or other systems.

3. Basic Working Principles Of Quantum Computers

Cubits, and the quantum states

The principles of quantum mechanics and quantum computers are based on a unit of data as cubits (quantum bits) to use. A cubits, 0 and 1 values that can receive both at the same time superposition state.

• Superposition: an elbow may be found in more than one state at the same time.
• Quantum States: the elbow, reflects the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.

Superposition and Entanglement

• Superposition:
  • Elbow, a combination of 0 and 1 States can be found.
  • This feature gives quantum computers the ability to make many calculations at the same time.
• Entanglement (Entanglement):
  • One condition that affects two or more connected to each other and the other elbow is a quantum phenomenon.
  • Entwined elbow, knowledge transfer and provides unique advantages in calculations.

4. Comparison of traditional and quantum computers

The Main Differences

Özellik	Geleneksel Bilgisayarlar	Kuantum Bilgisayarlar
Basic Unit	Bit (0 or 1)	Cubits (0 and 1in superposition)
Principle Of Operation	Deterministic and sequential	Probabilistic and parallel
Data Processing Capacity	Linear scale	Scaled exponential
Computing Power	Limited increases rapidly	Increases exponentially depending on the number of cubits
Bug Fix	Relatively simple	Complex and difficult
Areas Of Application	General purpose use	Special and complex problems

Comparison Table Of Power

Problem Türü	Geleneksel Bilgisayar	Kuantum Bilgisayar
Large Numbers Of Faktorizasyon	It may take billions of years (such as RSA encryption used in)	You can solve in minutes (Shor algorithm)
Search Database	O(N) time and takes o (N, data, size)	O(√N) takes time O (Grover’s algorithm)
Molecular Simulations	It is important to make precise simulation, the computational power is limited	Efficient simulation directly using quantum mechanics can do
Optimization Problems	The computational cost is high and it takes time.	Faster quantum algorithms can offer solutions
Breaking Cryptography Codes	It is not practically possible	New cryptographic methods the available encryption methods that can solve your needs

Note: O(N) and O(√N) is big O notation defines the runtime of the algorithm.

5. Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages and disadvantages of traditional computers

Advantages:

• Wide Accessibility: can be used by everyone, it is economical and practical.
• Mature Technology: it has a robust ecosystem of software and hardware by the accumulation of the year.
• General use: Office applications, internet, games and more is ideal.

Disadvantages:

• The computation of boundaries: a complex and large-scale problems is limited.
• Energy consumption: consumes more energy for high performance.
• Overheating problems: High processing power, can lead to the need for heating and cooling.

Advantages and disadvantages of quantum computers

Advantages:

• Superior computing power: specific problems they can solve at exponential speed.
• Advanced simulation Capabilities: molecular and atomic-level simulations can do.
• New cryptographic Methods: provides secure communication with quantum cryptography.

Disadvantages:

• Technological challenges: to maintain stability of the elbow is technically difficult.
• Error Rate: available in high error rates, error correction methods require complex.
• Cost and accessibility:the high cost of hardware and special working conditions (super-conductivity, vacuum chambers) is required.

6. Future possibilities and applications

Potential Areas Of Application Of Quantum Computers:

• Cryptography and cyber security:
  • Can break existing encryption algorithms, also requires the development of new and more secure cryptographic methods.
  • Quantum cryptography can provide absolute security for data transmission.
• Drugs and development of materials:
  • May accelerate the discovery of new drugs and materials for molecular simulations.
  • Complex biological processes such as protein folding can be better understood.
• Finance and economics:
  • Complex financial models and risk analysis can be performed faster and more detailed.
  • The pricing model in portfolio optimization and efficiency can be increased.
• Logistics and optimization:
  • Complex supply chain and route optimization problems can be solved.
  • Transport and distribution may be provided to increase productivity in the sector.
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning:
  • May accelerate the processing of large data sets and learning processes.
  • The performance of deep learning algorithms can be increased.

Working With Traditional Computers:

• Hybrid Systems:
  • Used in conventional computers and quantum systems can be developed.
  • General purpose processing by conventional computers, quantum computers can be executed by a special and complex processes.
• Cloud-Based Quantum Services:
  • Quantum computing via the internet, users can access resources.
  • Amazon Bracket, Quantum platforms such as Microsoft Azure began to offer services in this area.

7. Results

Quantum computers have the potential to create a revolution in the world of computing, although completely are expected to take the place of the traditional computer. Both technologies will continue to exist with their own strengths, and will help to overcome the world’s biggest challenges by working together.

As traditional computers will cover the basic tools of our daily lives, the importance of the business world. Private and quantum computers will play a critical role in solving complex problems.

This constantly update themselves to keep pace with the rapid progress of Technology, individuals and institutions, is required to provide the new technologies and adaptation to follow.

8. Frequently Asked Questions

1. When will quantum computers be widely used?

The commercial use of quantum computers it is difficult to give an exact date for the expansion and widespread. However, in the next 10-20 years and the maturation of the technology will become more prevalent, it is expected that a decrease in costs.

2. Can quantum computers break encryption methods available’t it?

Yes, quantum computers, in particular, has the potential to break asymmetric encryption algorithms such as RSA. Therefore, quantum-resistant cryptographic methods development is needed.

3. Traditional computers will disappear completely?

No, you are expected to complete disappearance of traditional computers. General purpose use will continue to be the most convenient and practical solution still.

4. Areas in which quantum computers can revolutionize?

Especially cryptography, drug discovery, materials science, financial modeling, artificial intelligence, and can lead to big changes in many areas, including logistics.

5. Quantum computers can be used by anyone?

For the moment, quantum computers are devices that require special conditions and is very costly. However, in the future, cloud-based services and with the development of technology to reach a wider audience is targeted.

Bibliography – Quantum Computers

1. Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010).Quantum computation and quantum information. Cambridge University Press.
2. Shor, P. W. (1994). Algorithms for quantum computation: Discrete logarithms and factoring. Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on foundations of Computer Science, 124-134. doi:10.1109/SFCS.1994.365700
3. Grover, L. K. (1996). A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of computing, 212-219. doi:10.1145/237814.237866
4. Preskill, J. (2018). Quantum computing NISQ era and beyond. Quantum, 2, 79. doi:10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79
5. IBM Quantum. (2021).What Is A Quantum Computer?. https://www.ibm.com/tr-tr/quantum-computing/learn/what-is-quantum-computing
6. Microsoft Quantum. (2020).Quantum computation and Applications. https://azure.microsoft.com/tr-tr/resources/videos/quantum-computing-and-its-applications
7. Arute, F., Arya, K., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., He, J. C., Barends, R., … & Neven, H. (2019). Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor. Nature, 574(7779), 505-510. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1666-5
8. The National Institute of standards and technology (NIST). (2016).Post-Quantum Cryptography. https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Post-Quantum-Cryptography
9. Monroe, C., & Kim, J. (2013). Scaling the ion trap Quantum Processor. Science, 339(6124), 1164-1169. doi:10.1126/science.1231298
10. Rieffel, E., & Polak, W. (2011).Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction. MIT Press.
11. Zhong, H.-S., Wang, H., Deng, Y.-H., Chen, M.-C., Peng, L.-C., Luo, Y.-H., … & Pan, J.-W. (2020). Using photons in quantum computational advantage. Science, 370(6523), 1460-1463. doi:10.1126/science.abe8770
12. Lloyd, S. (1996). Universal Quantum Simulators. Science, 273(5278), 1073-1078. doi:10.1126/science.273.5278.1073
13. The scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). (2021).Quantum technologies and research. https://www.tubitak.gov.tr/tr/kuantum-teknolojileri
14. Chow, J. M. Gambetta, J. M., & Steffen, M. (2017). Principles of a superconducting quantum computer. Nature Communications, 8, 14476. doi:10.1038/ncomms14476
15. Reichel, J., & Vuletic, V. (2011).Atom Chips. Wiley-VCH.